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      標(biāo)題: 小升初英語語法常識(shí) [打印本頁]

      作者: wmdjwyx    時(shí)間: 2019-12-7 02:43
      標(biāo)題: 小升初英語語法常識(shí)
      一、

      4 w2 L$ g! }6 [) ?
      表現(xiàn)某一事物,有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不成數(shù)名詞。  ^2 m# a! G/ ~
      夸大:不成數(shù)名詞都默以為單數(shù),所以老是用is或者was;最好不要依據(jù)some、any、a lot of等詞往作判

      ( |. O  |  t, }& O7 ^+ q- [3 c
      斷,以免受誤導(dǎo)。

      & o3 [9 k3 Q' P* a( C
      1、可數(shù)名詞若何變復(fù)數(shù)情勢) `7 r" f6 }  H* J9 M+ A, g4 E
      a.一般情形下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;讀音3庠皰子音后讀<strike>,濁子音和
      0 I6 g1 _! I6 _
      元音后讀[z]。
      : J* @: S6 \# ]# h2 |( @b.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;讀音:[iz]。: y) P0 S; v$ M$ f  R3 e
      c.以子音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變yi, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;讀音:[z]。0 ?) c4 I+ P4 r7 u+ F% Z
      d.以“ffe”結(jié)尾,變ffev, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;讀音:[z]。
      * v6 f. d. f5 Y- a" w9 ?. P9 l& C& ge.以“o”結(jié)尾的詞,分兩種情形

      , c0 z8 M8 z8 {, h
      1)有性命的+es  讀音:[z]  如:mango-mangoes  tomato-tomatoes  hero-heroes

      # ~3 H# A0 `" J4 i
      2) 無性命的+s   讀音:[z]  如:photo-photos     radio-radios
      . v6 W% R% r* _; t% V6 N
      f. 不規(guī)矩名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,  
      . a  B' S! z) o& N% j
      snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,
      ) f0 b* w" ]8 H4 U4 Q5 A
      people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
      2 _9 p0 ]9 c2 [& F  2、不成數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)。假如要盤算不成數(shù)名詞所表達(dá)的數(shù)目,就得在數(shù)詞和不成數(shù)名詞之間加上
      + y+ O4 u( p" X- p. t7 u& V$ j
      +of”。例如:a glass of water, a piece of ***, a bottle of juice
      " r( b0 Y5 \, ^: o1 V4 L7 g6 A判定步調(diào):
      , Q" v1 }  Q7 J                                                  ↗如是am、iswas→本相& r6 O# o1 }7 K
      讀句子讀該單詞熟悉該單詞懂得意思be動(dòng)詞. L! |) B1 s5 L5 j+ P
                                                        ↘如是arewere→ses
      # H  W% k0 @( q2 J3 _9 v) [$ l練一練:
      , R% G: M" r  u) n" Q2 k1、寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。
        e# r* m6 E2 O( W' bI _________  him _________  this _______   her ______     watch _______   mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______   day________  foot________ dress ________ tooth_______
      5 l% Y% i( W" C) s( i' ]) X/ e+ S) S
      sheep ______   box_______  strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______
      8 x& g3 c+ U% y2 E  {
      sandwich ______   man______   woman_______  leaf_______   people________
      : G0 G1 T0 r, P+ L7 _2、用所給名詞的┞俘確情勢填空。
      % Q& w6 C5 R- P$ Q9 a1Are there two                ( box ) on the table?0 u) T+ l; J* h' v/ ~% t8 t* L
      2I can see some                 ( people ) in the cinema.
      - }$ \* N8 r* Z1 O3How many                 ( day ) are there in a week?' b- G6 z9 t  X: X( I
      4Here’re five                ( bottle ) of                  ( juice ) for you." ]) w9 w& \- t# v" D8 ?
      5This                ( violin ) is hers. Those                ( grape ) are over there.
      , Z  V0 L# B. d$ e/ j
      / s7 c0 k  P% h: C0 W+ v% q
      7 r* H" \6 w, J% ~# T
      二、冠  

      2 ]; A- F, n& P* t5 H
      冠詞是一種虛詞,不克不及自力應(yīng)用,凡是放在名詞的前面,分為不定冠詞定冠詞兩種。! Z* A* j/ b& J+ V& v3 ]
      1、不定冠詞:a、an。用在單數(shù)名詞前,表現(xiàn)一個(gè),一件……”。an用在以元音音素開首的單詞前。如:
      7 I$ b& q) ^) Z0 N" p
      an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…* {( U+ N  w3 F' H1 y" j
      2、定冠詞:the。用在單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。the沒有具體意思,有時(shí)翻譯為這、那。它的基礎(chǔ)用法:3 P4 i; z3 t6 @: \' D# z
        1)用來表現(xiàn)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The map on the wall is new.
      2 C. ^$ _! {( I) U4 E  2)表現(xiàn)措辭者兩邊都知道的人或事物。如:Look at the picture, please./ j( @# c' q  s/ \5 g& q, f  i; j2 z
        3)表現(xiàn)再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.
      8 W# E' S0 [9 D9 \2 \/ v  4)用在表現(xiàn)世界上并世無雙的事物前。如:the sun太陽  the moon月亮  the earth地球
      % M; j) [$ l) U4 B. j  5)用在由通俗名詞組成的專著名詞前。如:the Great Wall長城
      . k1 l( O4 X7 ]* F5 W  d1 i  6)用在江河、湖海等專著名詞前。如:the Changjiang River長江
      / D5 c. |& C* y, w5 u$ Z  7)此外,序數(shù)詞、形容詞第一流、樂器名稱檔故前面和一些習(xí)習(xí)用語中一般都用定冠詞the。如:
      , K* c( _4 c7 t' |/ a, v( n
      the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class
      & R( Z7 _* f- q: b( b; y$ V斷定用a、an仍是the時(shí)可依據(jù)漢語意思。3 t& g  B+ [3 k4 ]" B" }
      練一練:2 o+ z' d+ j$ j+ O+ n
      1、用aan填空。) S2 ?; W, p. b1 P0 H
              ____ “U”         ____ ice-cream            ____  goalkeeper           ____ teapot            ____apple
      9 A. ?, ~) m, s% k: z       ____office     ____English book        ____umbrella        ____unit               ____hour            
      ; ~# [7 [( S5 D  f' M- B* I( B1 \2、依據(jù)須要,填寫冠詞a,anthe。" h. [. b0 d% u! |
      1Who is ____girl behind ____tree?
      7 y7 d4 ?; M/ ~1 i8 [2 ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter.3 J: J3 A4 P* C! L, t1 |
      3This is  ____ orange.   ____ orange is Lucy’s.
      ' d$ k" C, x! e4He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.. _3 @% [7 K; @% O
      5We all had____good time last Sunday.- g1 n4 m; @5 V. [- k" Q: F
      6She wants to be____doctor.
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      ; g9 g: m/ e# L1 Y
      : z# E/ c  t/ c/ [" p
      三, 數(shù)
      % B1 K( e/ a6 O
      我們學(xué)過兩類:基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?;鶖?shù)用于表現(xiàn)數(shù)目幾多,而基數(shù)詞用于表現(xiàn)順序,常在日期中呈現(xiàn)。差別:基數(shù)詞前面沒有“the”;序數(shù)詞前必定要有“the”。
      % n* ?' J$ t. O8 s8 h% E5 I1、跨越二十以上的兩位數(shù)須要在個(gè)位和十位之間加上“-”。如:21  twenty-one$ T/ k$ Y# d9 p/ z! v* L$ ]
      2、三位數(shù)以上的則須要在百位數(shù)后再加上and。如:101  a/one hundred and one
      # u6 t( S0 y3 H* \1 p3、用基數(shù)詞來潤飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí),必定別忘了它的復(fù)數(shù)情勢。如:十八個(gè)男孩  eighteen boys
      # V+ z* _9 M; A/ E0 {4、用基數(shù)詞潤飾不成數(shù)名詞時(shí),如是復(fù)數(shù),變它的量詞為復(fù)數(shù)。
      $ s1 i9 A" q3 W  W, Y
      如:兩碗米飯  two bowls of rice" K( B4 N. E0 P7 W8 e9 P. _5 G
      5、序數(shù)詞一般加“th”,特別的有:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二
      7 m8 ?8 c4 G1 N) b; a3 p
      十以外的┞符十:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第幾十幾3庠鳶面整十不變,后面改為序
      5 i6 N% E2 v8 x1 f
      數(shù)詞。如:88  eighty-eighth
      # _# p& G) K. i練一練:" E6 \; K" h) e7 u8 Q" m3 J
      1、請(qǐng)翻譯下列短語。
      / A! e2 P! I/ |7 z160論理學(xué)生                              215本英語書                              
      7 Z8 M) c( u5 U4 {/ g2 j* `3)九杯涼水                               44個(gè)孩子                                
      9 O; U# s/ L, Z; N9 g4 b51231                                 662                                 ( B. L2 X" h8 c1 |5 {2 U2 z
      7)第九周                                  840年前                                  6 _: i4 x9 p2 Q) h/ m  @) w
      911+7                                     10)上學(xué)第一天                           
      # T: r+ Z/ p& L7 K% ?2、把下列基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞。
      ; W9 F. ?& `' H1 ~8 h/ uone---                      two---                       three---                      nine---                 
      3 j( k9 N- W1 C% M: v( Ffourteen---                     twenty---                      thirty-five---                     eighty-one
      3 t+ M  T, x9 i* K) i  d/ ^

      # g( `8 Z0 l0 i& {! ^$ y

      ( T6 h( ~! Z) x+ l6 g! [/ N: P- i4 R" v

      ( X  D, W; ]! f  W/ b7 V5 [5 x
      四、代  
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      代詞有兩種:人稱代詞和物主代詞。' y" a5 m/ R- k+ y/ ], A0 l# _, m
      1、人稱代詞分為:第一、第二、第三人稱,且有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。$ h& B0 d4 E  y( @' G% X6 o+ p
      2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語,一般用在動(dòng)詞前(疑問句除外);賓格在句中做賓語,多  
      " I0 c2 R1 f% `5 i+ V$ B* {- J( E
      用于動(dòng)詞、介詞后。0 b5 j9 b& |' @1 z# a
      3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的感化,后面必定要跟名詞,表現(xiàn)該名詞是屬于誰的。
      ! q2 U/ G7 d3 O  b! T$ S4 U( N2 J4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如:
      1 |! \4 V" k) R7 w3 Z2 p: [   This is my bag. = This is mine.  That is her ruler. = That is hers./ y% O5 s/ E, H& s( G
      一般看后面有沒著名詞,若有,就用形容詞性物主代詞;如無,就用名詞性物主代詞。' J. f, K, K8 o; k
          請(qǐng)服膺下表:

      ( @; f6 s) b' T5 c
      ( b' p# ?9 ?; ~6 S) G! a
       

      . R) g0 j, Y0 U) Y3 r' N5 X
      5 |* w4 ?/ m2 }3 Q$ S! F6 {
      單數(shù)
      ; P& Z# ^+ T9 y, u: M; W! d
      , X6 Q0 Q! r6 E5 h+ P4 F; i: @
       

      ; _' X8 ]% s5 \: W1 ]: d+ B. A
      - g# V" U' _  n' G; g4 U8 |
      復(fù)數(shù)

      + ]! C9 c; Z/ [2 ]% _

      5 p/ O- Y" f9 |; L! R7 e: C7 \
      人稱  代詞
      / S+ u2 \+ l$ ]3 u( l

      8 S3 O. H2 d5 u9 u  G. G
      主格
      3 z7 l4 e7 o& h2 ?

      2 g" `! g6 r0 a
      I
      * R7 M4 ^! E) u% i+ `
      ; t( A' y: b; }5 }+ @, z! W
      you

      ) }9 N& p* v( r% k: c. E
      - F, M7 u  g! w; K- w
      he
      7 _2 G2 o8 y! \7 {9 M. V
      7 F+ T' w5 E. z) Z
      she
      6 n' V: a' S2 C8 Y' o+ F% u

      ( Z3 h* m( [( R
      it

      0 y6 {4 \0 m, W. @5 t
      4 F, g! Y7 T, L# R0 }
       
      - \" y6 N6 Q5 C4 f7 d
      + h! S& P/ _) o' E' z! P
      we
      : `4 C9 N( W0 n, S# B. T
      : E6 u. Y6 U5 ^
      you

      . Z, B$ Z4 s0 t- ?% p

      7 a! o, u9 y9 s6 R1 w* H
      they

        s. _- ~# f9 h0 L# u
      5 t2 h/ l8 x3 e6 ?% g/ b
      賓格
      / z% \' }# g+ W' V+ ]* h  E) b
      3 ~; N: U+ q! d0 [' w2 W8 R
      me
      . T3 z7 M: Z  B$ k
      ) U6 B. [! t4 @' l! M2 x; h
      you
      ( V" w1 j4 m# t+ @% t! S# y" G
      5 N8 H" o* I0 N' c0 G" H" E
      him
      8 W6 x, Y6 p4 Z- k) G9 }

      9 E3 T* P5 n( z
      her
      ! Z) w+ z$ @; z" J7 M* v( n
      5 N$ q2 B9 |+ X/ l: C( Y) z
      it
      % @7 L2 e3 v# S3 m3 z! c- A
      : W( t6 v* E. v. A' G' T; X9 C
      us

      * U: W5 a) [2 @9 U
      0 v6 _8 c) M4 ~7 _3 O6 Y) E2 r  R
      you

      7 V" f# @/ \! U5 P9 u# L

      # ~, j& }3 N6 u6 S! K$ s( g* N
      them
      - m9 F' H9 }) E, ~9 I

      . B' a7 @0 T' j+ I0 T* V& z
      物主  代詞
      * M4 o5 Q# |, }- L, V
      4 E$ ^9 K, @+ @
      形容詞性

      0 ]1 ^* X! l8 @6 q: Q- ?
      0 m/ i9 }* V0 c# T$ R
      my

      , G/ ?+ g% u; L
      9 p& S* k! r  R) g2 t( d/ c+ j
      your
      6 d9 z$ j" F3 ^  e

      & T+ z* r0 s$ f9 d
      his

      3 ~: Y1 g1 v& v, P- @5 @- d

      ' E# k1 [6 W( m5 A; k
      her
      8 c" G/ ]. j* y# c# j; m
      ' C) i* [7 {: I/ g5 E) h
      its
      + H/ g3 i& q6 t! j/ o5 f
      ) ~# |- Q  J$ z7 o' N: u- ]" `
      our

        W- M  h; |: u8 E

      " B- U1 o! k& P
      your

      % n5 h* D1 p0 r$ ]& ^, [$ Y6 V
      $ q/ ~) K, e5 D8 T7 @" d' f- _. R
      their

      % _# z' v7 r  W2 ^

      / V5 J1 y: D9 P$ b+ W5 C) G
      名詞性

      ! J# L$ f9 L. @$ |2 p/ \

      % n  a9 {7 h9 B0 K% M
      mine
      " m. Z% B" q- h: I4 _7 z

      # `& H$ `" X0 y; @/ K2 k. H
      yours
      . j3 }! N( g! ?! G; n

      : ?  c' t( c  ^- H8 e
      his

      # {  I6 _2 r8 S5 v- i  C: i4 e( g
      $ l! y: c9 M/ ?( d. g- T
      hers
      $ F3 ]5 B% F  k+ h- \

      ; u  e1 h: ~  H6 }, p1 S; l% ^
      its

      9 r1 J7 H* X! C* i

      . D4 I- g9 C5 Q( o& M/ |0 U
      ours

      ) u5 a3 y4 R0 [0 X2 _: X0 {

      4 N! \# @; e. h, U0 i: {9 Q' ^
      yours

      , Z+ i. r- G! _8 ~7 a3 u+ }
      + |, ?0 g' y3 R- o' K; U/ |
      theirs
      ! o7 |% z4 E& m0 @

      * x5 p) a" c2 x& O* Q* V/ C/ E* s
      6 O5 X, L$ J9 o5 o. j

      / s4 L; F( _0 Q/ j) v
      練一練:5 g2 R' r) D8 e, ]7 ]
      1、按請(qǐng)求寫出響應(yīng)人稱代詞。; g; O& ]1 n+ l3 o- N' Z
      I(賓格)_______              she(形容詞性物主代詞)_______             we(名詞性物主代詞)_______
      1 Z: X! y/ ^3 i3 ]1 uhe(復(fù)數(shù))_______            us(單數(shù))_______            theirs(主格)_______ its(賓格)_______

      1 ]5 o/ m( j; i/ K* a, t8 F
      2、想一想,把下表彌補(bǔ)完全。
      " v0 z5 d, U7 P

        ^  f/ I) T! X, u

      ' Q. P! u/ |0 N, G$ r/ K4 |* L$ S
      人稱代詞

      4 [" v- u  c1 b
      ! z7 c, D6 K8 l* ^3 i! Y. Z; t
      物主代詞

      / T/ p1 e6 _2 B" R! l( O# d! q" \2 x

      0 S6 i- W: ^0 R' ^0 s0 u
      單數(shù)
      - i3 b; c+ ?1 D% M6 }% K5 C

      3 ^) A4 ]* }8 j" T! ]* ~" L
      復(fù)數(shù)

      9 ]1 e8 O6 n  e3 f! p8 [; L. H; C

      ! t* f! |0 U8 a8 C* a
      單數(shù)
        h8 B7 Z7 z+ n7 Y
      . W8 Z0 ~6 K* G7 K
      復(fù)數(shù)
      4 z' N: ?1 L* c& y, ]2 ?! x$ ~

      ) d% P# T1 L1 K" f
      主格
      ! K9 l& R( ^/ v% K6 h- b- w! b" p$ k

      # U/ B0 _; E- |9 M" E/ n
      賓格
      1 {& l9 E  P6 U, Y+ J7 z) g7 F' P8 W
      ( X9 a9 D3 m5 V1 y" }9 D* `' Q3 e$ h2 t
      主格
      " e, N" c- [6 o* S$ `+ a
      6 s4 Q0 m( t0 ?5 Z3 D5 P/ Z
      賓格
      9 m1 z" i. F( o# h
      5 t! D* f+ d" t/ r: k1 w
      形容詞性
      ; x5 ^" \5 z$ Y5 I* m

      3 K' O# Z" a! T. Z
      名詞性

      1 X9 ^( g, D$ m% s/ I; f- O  E+ A
      ! w; Q/ u" T' s1 T/ z& F  U/ \
      形容詞性

      : P# [6 T9 d' W3 y: \8 h
      # e, k( h9 d1 V, V0 l
      名詞性
      4 }6 p! a: k0 I, @+ `2 J& q
      ! g! @% j- v+ ~# a: U6 R. n
      第一人稱
      2 I$ I5 E" a* V/ e! o/ f
      . q6 H9 {$ x! T
      ' M7 Z/ m# T# d, i/ u

      . D" P* _' \3 [# n6 ?) S0 [
      me

      1 O* W/ W& N' q) G& w" V3 h

      & _) P" f. z8 g) b' s* f. ^* K! P

      + s2 i8 g, N# E! j% F$ F  i! i
      * a/ t6 d+ l. I& X
      us
      6 U- M7 L: w7 P4 ?4 Z+ O& ~
      $ ]0 Y! S# ^& Q& a* Z
        M* [1 p/ N$ }- }$ D& |

      9 `" D% i9 e5 k
      . O& m" P: Z! o1 i+ x! w
      . l$ e: n3 S2 N7 I; E
      our

      * v) @2 ~& O; i( R

      # L5 L1 ^3 j# z3 x' V; F, N8 s
      0 C8 [2 P3 U  W$ \

      8 _3 R+ m; O. f5 u! |
      第二人稱
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      you
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        i8 l9 R9 ~& H& |8 h: E9 e
      you

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      . a( Z% A2 ^% O3 j! x/ ?

      * W  O: E0 B7 W/ b$ T3 o

      4 E! g& Y" I, U: s

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      ( D+ }) U% W7 U

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      8 \) M4 u  ?% g* x% V1 ?0 J3 v5 B
      第三人稱

      # F! N$ o1 M) I+ l; `& h# A

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      he

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      / C' n4 _% N/ K1 W6 L

      6 r2 w( H9 [* `+ s; Q4 D

      1 q2 w! V! b9 y: F% u1 M
      7 L# A$ N- J7 M
      them

      . [$ J) D5 \% h  h9 o8 U: C
      ) y' X! f  i) F- F) h/ X
      his
      * u" h( P8 o  K. K* W

      % s' A% U. W  ~& e3 M/ W
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      their
      0 p. @) N: q% O' {# n& {

        X) o) i- Y8 X/ {2 ]4 N) {

      , ]) B& Y2 N* B) Q' B9 ]% p
      7 [, l- F7 O! ]) T% B# G2 H5 S
      / V& t  ]7 v+ D8 Y

        X4 d$ n2 N6 X2 p2 A) I6 Z. g9 C
      her
      " g/ X2 G" m: K. P4 r$ p4 B3 J% Y2 M

      ! X0 }- {& X. G( l* v
      8 @4 R& f' v: A) G# F1 D5 K& ?

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      ' V% h! u' e: X: ~4 V7 z

      ; \  |- ^  H1 _- P( d
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      ' ?$ z/ |9 t  q8 Q" v
      it
      2 e9 H2 E! N9 V% X9 Z2 C$ w
      : T0 r2 c9 Y% X& ^/ L- }

      2 R$ C5 N2 }3 B/ E% X4 e* D

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      its

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      4 A( s# S7 `/ r5 G* U

      : S; {% _- G) \; J1 E

      ( b% W9 a5 e7 n- A: ~3、用所給詞的恰當(dāng)情勢填空。% u% I- u; M2 _8 V! K5 D
      1That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
      0 ?: P1 m! }. D! t' m* }2The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
      - T' }  v6 n8 k4 [; b9 r. h3Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
      3 u: @' a) I# w+ T4_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
      ! Q! |! r# Q& e" T, y5 ^5_________ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _________? ( you ) . a& \% U( @& n8 l
      6Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they ) * K! @/ `. V. {% Z- ]/ X% A
      7I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )
      2 G( B8 w2 \& [, j: N% [8Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they )
      ! c& q& `! ?+ V' G) D% Z: _9Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we ) 7 }& ]) F/ y# a+ U; p& ]
      10_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nurse. ( she )
      0 k: U6 V: B( N9 o0 K' ]: S11Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) 9 O. r- e; k3 C3 O- B
      12Don’t touch _________. _________is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! ( it )" m3 q( ~2 C! l9 Y  z
      13_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she )
      , H' R: H; ]7 v. a14The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she )
      + D" C% Y5 B! L& ^

      ' |" k; D, P. w0 ^8 O- N9 N# D* @
      五、形容詞、副詞
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      4 B( b$ y5 Y1 |
      1、形容詞表現(xiàn)某一事物某人的特點(diǎn),副詞表現(xiàn)某一動(dòng)作的特點(diǎn)。形容詞和副詞有三種情勢:本相、比擬
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      級(jí)、第一流。比擬級(jí):+er  第一流:the …+est
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      兩個(gè)主要特點(diǎn):as……as中心必定用本相,than的前面必定要+er。7 T6 H, i7 r* H( Q& |& {. K6 {- ?
      2、形容詞、副詞比擬級(jí)的規(guī)矩變更如下:0 I& @: n* E: h  {- o& d
      1)一般直接+er。如:tall - taller, fast - faster   單音節(jié)詞假如以-e結(jié)尾,只加-r。如:late - later
      ( o: g# [  y4 I) ]  Z2)重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個(gè)子音字母,須雙寫這個(gè)字母,再加-er。如:big - bigger, fat - fatter  E& f$ H8 c- m( Y
      3)以子音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞,變yi,再加-er。如:heavy - heavier, early - earlier& X5 G! y$ g% U. L1 {4 K3 Q: P
      4)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比擬級(jí)應(yīng)在原級(jí)前加more組成。如:beautiful - more beautiful,
      1 W$ {$ C$ I8 T5 {4 n; t     careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting5 z7 J  C8 ~8 z) N! V
      5)有些不規(guī)矩變更的,須一一加以記憶。如:good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder…; ~* V  O. ~  _/ N) \5 c
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      練一練:
      9 s2 V2 p0 w# \5 L1、寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比擬級(jí)。. J& Q9 U. m/ ?: `
      big                    good                   long                    tall                     old               
        j! Q+ N5 i1 D6 o0 n3 D; E6 yshort                  thin                    heavy                   young                  fat              
      ) ]5 @) ^# a# @' d$ w! {, |9 w' c* ?' ^light                  strong                   high                    far                     low              5 `$ |2 m6 L8 @5 g5 }4 P, g1 _, y& S
      early                  late                     well                    fast                    slow   
      : N5 D7 J9 N5 c3 H# A  O

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      2、用括號(hào)內(nèi)亂所給單詞的恰當(dāng)情勢填空。! I# H) ?9 T6 }+ p7 ^% }' o
      1) I can swim as _______ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.) `# Z  N+ Y' E& U9 p  d, F
      2) Look! His hands are _______  ( big ) than mine." X4 T  N+ A" @# j: q6 F
      3) I think you do these things_______ ( well ) than your classmates.* v5 R5 i% k) r* e  l5 c4 x3 r' G
      4) Whose bag is _______ ( heavy ), yours or mine?
      ! o/ |: `+ E; R# x4 d6 l5) Does Jim run as _______slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_______ ( slow ) than them.
      % S7 r' m) v! E. v  D3 c# ^6) You have seven books, but I have _______ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.
      7 a& M9 O* L: G' Y& Q7) I jump _______ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.
      5 E* |9 K/ b$ I# k# d" A  t8) I’m very_______ ( thin ), but she’s _______ ( thin ) than me.
      " x% f6 N+ @9 k/ l0 t9) It gets _______and_______ ( warm ) when spring comes here.

      ( y7 u/ f; i- ^

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      六、介  

      4 d* q) e& |) R3 ^

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      1、一種虛詞。不克不及零丁作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的賓語一路組成介詞短語,才干在句子中起感化。

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      有:in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of,

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      from…to…, at the back of…
      # T0 }2 D* A8 P# J4 ]/ c6 W2、表現(xiàn)時(shí)光的介詞有:at, on, in。(1at表現(xiàn)在某一個(gè)具體的時(shí)光點(diǎn)上,或用在固定詞組中。如:at ten  
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      o’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…2on表現(xiàn)在某日或某日的時(shí)光段。如:on Friday, on the

      % e( ?# z/ }/ |- y( T, H: N
      first of October, on Monday morning…3in表現(xiàn)在某一段時(shí)光(月份、季候)里。如:in the afternoon,

      8 x2 l8 E3 e& U3 z  l+ E
      in September, in summer, in 2005…
      3 ~3 r  e6 [; Y' o& O9 q: l3、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配,如:in blue(穿戴藍(lán)色的衣服),in English(用英語表達(dá)),take part in(參

      $ J9 n3 Z' X  z/ ~
      加)。2 X' H7 n' ?/ ]" H& K. b
      ) i# J; h. i0 p% B) n

      7 l2 a2 h$ e9 s/ B# f& n4 L% s. A! E
      練一練:+ k( {" d  K0 p/ f, Z6 U3 Y
      1、選用括號(hào)內(nèi)亂適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。
      ! b4 Z' ^! e6 L+ N/ \1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?6 z! L- T+ h# G* m: E0 f5 I
      2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.1 L0 T1 M) S7 L4 q  {
      3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.: p. Z( z/ A, S6 z  Y  Z+ S
      4) He doesn’t do well  _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.
      3 }. @; ?! U# @5 a1 s2 B  p9 F5) Look at those birds  _______ ( on, in ) the tree.
        ^4 j0 ?1 V. @1 ~7 b3 b6) We are going to meet  _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop  _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.
        b' W7 B! L6 E6 v7) Is there a cat    _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?
      - h( G, T* D; Z% \8) Helen’s writing *** is  _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.+ {+ a5 e- L  f9 j7 T+ z% }6 U; F
      9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.
      $ c& c# u$ A9 g8 G# P" \9 H10) Does it often rain   _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?
      ; b4 Z5 t* v$ ?9 o# g; @3 t, s2 P2、圈出下列句子中應(yīng)用不適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~,并將準(zhǔn)確的謎底寫在橫線上。0 r  @+ B1 N; L4 d- m; \
      1) Jim is good in English and Maths.               2) The films were in the ground just now.         
      2 o/ x4 V( k7 Q; x: ^* }1 H4 o1 }) z3) They are talking to their plans.                4) How many students have their birthdays on May?           
      1 H: v, ~8 Z. U8 _5) Women’s Day is at the third of March.           6) I can jog to school on the morning.           
      7 m6 l( W# u8 H/ Y& I' F7) Did you water trees at the farm?                8) Can you come and help me on my English?           1 m7 y1 `+ R1 D2 ]; y! n
      9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.       10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?           





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